Yaya Na Bateri Na Sodium Ya Shi

Ta yaya Shin ya sodium-ion Baturi Aiki?

Cell na sodium-ion ta magana da kuma ta bayyana energy ta hanyar rarraba ayyukan sodium ions daga wani electrode zuwa wani mili. Bayanin yadda cell ya yi shi yana da kudin kamar cell na lithium-ion a whiteboard, amma alama, saiz na ion, da wasu halin da suka faru ne suka bada farko. Don hakan, don kowa ce ke gano cell na sodium-ion don amfanin motor, fahimtar yadda cell ya yi a cikin battery ita ce farko na kowane shari, bayani, da kuma koyon bayani da suka gabata.

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Tsarin Baki na Cell na Sodium-Ion

Cell na sodium-ion ta dace da abubuwan da suka zama babban abubuwa na kowane chemistry mai iya rarraba: electrode mai kyau (cathode), electrode mai ƙarami (anode), separator ce ta hana su daga jinsi, electrolyte ce ta kawo ions daga biyu, da kuma current collectors ce ta kawo kowane electrode zuwa terminals na gaba.

Abubuwan da ake amfani da su a cikin wadannan kayan iyo suna ƙare kai tsaye cell na sodium-ion daga cell na lithium-ion. Cell na sodium-ion yana amfani da:

• Cathode mai sodium , mai tsatawa oxide na transition-metal mai jijji (misali, NaNi1/3Mn1/3Fe1/3O2 da wasu hanyoyin da suka dace), analogues na Prussian blue, ko compounds na polyanion. Kimiya mai zuwa yana canzawa a cikin ma'adin da ake amfani da su da kuma a cikin shirye-shirye da ake son amfani da su.

• Anode na hard carbon , wanda shine abubuwa da ake amfani da su a yau da kullum a cikin anode na sodium-ion. Iyayen sodium suna taka a cikin carbon structure mai fuskantar a lokacin da aka chargin su.

• Electrolyte na likwid mai sodium salt — ta yau da kullum NaPF6 ko NaClO4 —da aka fuskar su a cikin carbonate-based solvents. Wadansu designs suna amfani da gel ko solid-state electrolytes, amma wadannan ba su da kyakkyawa a cikin automotive batteries na ayyukan yanzu.

• Aluminum current collectors a kowane kai. Wannan yana da farko mai mahimmanci daga lithium-ion cells, inda copper zai kasance a cikin anode saboda aluminum yana magana da lithium a yadda ƙaramin voltage. Sodium ba ta kuma kama da aluminum a yadda cell potentials na yawa, don haka kowane kai zai iya amfani da aluminum foil, wanda ya sao kafin cell manufacturing da yana rage bayanan abu.

Separator mai gaba — taushe a matsayin polymer membrane — yana nufin kafin cathode da anode har ma bai kara sodium ions su tashi kuma. Separator yana kawo electrolyte da yana aiki ne kamar bridge tsakanin biyu electrodes. Bayan haka cell yana kawo a cikin rigid housing (cylindrical, prismatic, ko pouch format) da terminals wanda su kawo zuwa gaba na battery pack.

Abin da za a sani a lokacin discharge

A lokacin da battery ta ba power — misali, a lokacin da starter motor ya kawo engine —sodium ions suka tace daga anode zuwa cathode ta hanyar electrolyte. A yadda haka, electrons suna gudanar da anode, suka tace ta hanyar external circuit, kuma suna sanya a cathode.

Sodium Ion Movement and Electron Flow

A cikin kari na anode, sodium ya faru daga tsarin hard carbon kuma ya sanya a electrolyte kamar Na ions.

A cikin kari na cathode, waɗannan Na ions suna sanya a cikin abu na cathode yayi amma electrons da suka zo ta hanyar external circuit suna gyara abun cathode. Waɗannan biyu kari —ions ta hanyar electrolyte da electrons ta hanyar wire —suwa daidai ne a matsayin rate, wanda shine saboda yadda battery zai iya bayar da external current ita ce ta hanyar yadda ions zasu iya tace a cikin cell.

A cikin batiri na otu motali, wannan ƙarfi na elektron ce wanda ya sao kuma ya shiga motor na sartarwa, kuma ya sao kuma ya shiga system na sartarwa, iluminashin, system na bayani da sauransu, kuma duk wasu nau'ikan elektronik na otu motali. A otu motali na Start-Stop, wannan tsari na kawo kuma yana zama a matsayin abin da aka gudanarwa kamar yadda aka gudanarwa a kowane raya: kowane lokacin da engine ya kashe a kofin tafarki, batiri ya ci gaba da kawo kuma yana shigarwa ga system na elektriki, kuma kowane lokacin da engine ya sartarwa saboda baya, batiri ya kawo kuma yana shigarwa ga kwayoyin elektriki mai ƙarfi sosai don sartarwa. Cell ya kamata in samu amfani da wannan tsari na kawo kuma yana shigarwa mai ƙarfi sosai da kamar yadda aka gudanarwa kamar yadda aka gudanarwa a kowane raya, ba tare da kawo kuma yana shigarwa mai ƙarfi sosai ba.

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Abin da za a sani a lokacin da aka kawo kuma yana shigarwa

Kawo kuma yana shigarwa ya canza tsarin da aka kawo kuma yana shigarwa. Bayan da aka shigarwa kuma yana shigarwa a cikin cell —ta hanyar alternator a cikin kudan da suka ƙara yanci, ko ta hanyar charger na gaba daya a workshop — sodium ions sun ƙare cathode, sun tafi baya ta hanyar electrolyte, kuma sun tashi baya a cikin hard carbon anode. A lokacin da ke tsakanin, electrons sun ƙare cathode, sun tafi ta hanyar external circuit, kuma sun tashi baya a cikin cell a anode. Energy ana ajiye ta hanyar sodium ions da suka tashi baya a cikin anode structure, domin su zama suka jin amfani daga baya a lokacin da ke zuwa na biyu.

A cikin koyon da ayyukan da suka shiga da ayyukan da suka ci, alternator ya yi yawa daga sauyin sanya maza a lokacin da engine ya shiga. Bateri ba ta gama 100% a wannan tsari ba — ta amfani da shi a wani tsari na karami na 60% zuwa 90%, kuma ta ci da sauya a lokacin da aka sauya da sauya a lokacin da aka sauya. Wani bateri na kimya wanda ya iya gudanar da wannan tsari daidai, kuma wanda ya iya sanya a tsari na karami, shine mai mahimmanci a cikin koyon da ayyukan da suka shiga da ayyukan da suka ci kamar yadda ya kashe wani bateri wanda ke nuna ƙananan karamin da ke iya sanya.

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Yadda jikin yana iya gyara ayyukan da suka shiga da ayyukan da suka ci

Jikin yana gyara biyu a cikin cell:

• Amobility . A jikin da ke ƙasa, electrolyte ya zama mai yawa kuma rukunin yana tana gudanar da karami. Wannan yana gyara abin da cell ta iya sanya ko ta sanya kwayoyin da ke yawa, wanda shine babban sabuwar da bateri suka gaba da karamin da suka shiga a rana na hirri.

• Ayyuka kinetics a cikin yadda uku ayyukan kuma suka fiye, ayyukan elektrodo sun yi kari, amma ƙarfi na yadda uku zai iya shiga cikin ayyukan gaba daya kamar fassara na elektrolit, fassara na metal na tsayi daga cathode, da kuma rarraba na kofin solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) a kan anode. A lokacin da aka wata, waɗannan ayyukan gaba daya sun rage kudin kuma suka rage lokacin da aka yi ayyukan.

Kimiya na sodium-ion akwai kalmomi da suka fiye a matsayin kimiya mai kyau don yadda uku ta hanyar yin ayyuka na ion, saboda yadda uku na sodium ya kashe kuma kasa na solvation ya sa ayyukan ion suka fiye don fara ayyukan solvent na su a kofin elektrodo. Amma a yadda ake amfani da shi, koyaushe na yadda uku na bateri na otu ba tare da kimiya ba, amma tare da haɗin cell, haɗin elektrolit, kudin BMS, da kuma haɗin pack. Sertifikat na test ko shirin masu sanya bateri zai iya kawo bayani mai kyau da kuma mai sauƙi ne ga kowanne kalmomi na umummi.

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Me ya sa BMS ya zama babban abu na yadda bateri ta yi ayyuka

Batteri na sodium-ion don otu akwai kadan daga cewa cell. Sistemu na amfani da batteri (BMS) shi ne wanda ya tsara yadda cell an yi amfani da su kuma an saifawa su a lokacin amfani mai yawa. A batteri na Start-Stop, BMS yana gudanar da:

• Kuskuren cell a lokacin c harging, don haka cell daga cewa akwai kadan suna cikin halin da yawa na charge.

• Tsarin tsara voltage, current, da temperature don kullum cell ko kuli group na cell. • Tsarin saifawa don zama overcharge, over-discha

rge, short circuits, da current mai yawa. • Tsarin tattaunawa na state-of-charge (SOC) da state-of-health (SOH), wanda otu zai iya amfani da shi don fahimci lokacin da ke nufin kare Start-Stop, kare accessories, ko ba abokan otu alama.

• Tsarin magana da electrical system na otu ta amfani da mation, wanda ke taka kira a yin amfani da ita don gano lokacin da ke zama aiki da Start-Stop, yin kuskure na accessories ko baiwa masu tsaya.

• Kuma koyaushe da electrical system na motor car ta hanyar kudin kamar LIN ko CAN, tare da yadda ake amfani da su.

Kimiya zai iya farko daga lithium, amma wani nau'in BMS zai kasance daya. Don abokan baki na biyu (B2B), wannan yana nufin duba batiri na sodium-ion don gari ba za a tsaya ne a kimiya na cell. Firmware na BMS, kwalitas na hardware, kuskuren sensor, da kara koyaushe na protocol na elektriko na gari duk suna iya fuskanta alama na asali, kusantar kudi na garware, da rarrabbar muhimmancin abokan baki.

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Yadda Wannan Ya Farko Daga Cell na Lithium-Ion

Matsalolin na sodium-ion cell zai kasance kamar matsalolin na lithium-ion cell: ions suna tashi bayan biyu na electrode, electrons suna tashi a cikin circuit na gaba, da kuma yadda suka faru suna iya canzawa a lokacin da aka canza su. Farko su ke cikin materials da suke nufin farko na yadda suka faru.

Wasu farkunan farko sun hada da:

•Gurara na ion. Ion na sodium suna ƙarami da ion na lithium. Wannan yana iya kafin su shiga ko fita daga structure na electrode, kuma shi ne mai sauri a cikin sababbin da sodium-ion cells suna da energy density mafi ƙarami da lithium-ion chemistries na farko.

• Current collectors. Sodium-ion cells za su iya amfani da aluminum a cikin biyu kari, amma lithium-ion cells suna bukatar copper a anode. Aluminum yana ƙarami da karamin abinci kuma yana mafi gari da copper, wanda ke kare koyaushe na cell design.

• Resource kunshi. Sodium yana ƙarami da karamin abinci kuma yana da karamin fahimtar jihar da lithium. Wannan yana iya kafin koyaushe na kudin kasa da koyaushe na supply security, amma a cikin applications na karamin abinci.

•Karamin ƙarfi. A yanzu, ƙaramin ƙarfi na sodium-ion da ake amfani da su a duniya suna da karamin ƙarfi mai yawa da karamin ƙarfi na lithium-ion wanda ake amfani da su a yanzu, amma farko ya zama babu wata tsari a cikin karamin ƙarfi da karamin ƙarfi na sodium-ion da lithium-ion.

Ga kulle na bayani, tambaya na amfani shine ba "wane kimya ce mai zafin fahimtar" amma "wane kimya ce ta dace ga yadda na gida, yadda na hawa, da yadda na aiki da kuma kudin da ke cikin shi". Bayanin cewa sodiyam da litium suna aiki ne da kadan yadda suka aiki ne suka nuna cewa suka iya kawo wani kadan bayani, amma bai kawo wani bayani da za su iya canzawa sannan ba. Don sanin yadda litium-ion cell ta aiki, duba yadda litium battery ta aiki a cikin litium battery cluster.

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Wanne ne kuma yadda zai iya aiki ga automotive start-stop

Don yadda sodium-ion battery ta iya aiki da kyau a cikin vehicle na start-stop, wasu abubuwa suka hada da yadda suka hada:

• Kudin kariya kudin kariya. Kimya na cell ya kamata iya taimaka wajen kariya mai kyau, don haka alternator zai iya kariya battery da kara kara bayan kariya da kuma bayan kariya mai tsoro.

• Amperu na cold-cranking (CCA) amperu na cold-cranking (CCA). CCA rating ya kamata iya dace ga kamarin engine da kamarin hawa da ke cikin vehicle. Sodium-ion cell da ke kawo kariya mai kyau a 25 °C ba zai kawo kariya daya a −20 °C.

• Kullum karamin ƙarfi a cikin karamin ƙarfi mai yawa. Bateri zai bukatar haɗawa da ƙaramin ƙarfi mai yawa na gudunmawa na maita a rukuni — bateri na Start-Stop a rukuni zai iya ganin manyu karamin ƙarfi na gudunmawa a kowane taki.

• Haɗawa na BMS . BMS zai bukatar haɗawa da kyauta da jirgin koyaushe kuma kare bateri a cikin manyu karamin ƙarfi mai yawa. Idan ba BMS haɗawa da kyauta ba, to, bateri mai yawa zai iya kusurwa da amfanin karamin ƙarfi mai yawa ko karamin ƙarfi mai yawa.

Batteri na sodium-ion ba za a yi amfani da ita a kowane mataimakar da shirin Start-Stop ba don haka da yawa na kimya ba. Bayanin mataimakar, yadda za a sanya jikin, yadda za a shiga shirin, da kuma ayyukan tattaunawa na masu fasaha suna iya yin fahimtar. Masu sauyin suka yi amfani da bayanan batteri da suka gano daga masu bayani domin samun bayanai na kuskuren da batteri zai yi amfani da su a mataimakar, ba tare da amfani da bayanan umummi na kimya ba. Don fahimtar yadda lithium batteries suke amfani da su a mataimakar da wasu hanyoyi, duba lithium battery pillar guide.

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Babban Tambayoyi

Shin sodium-ion batteri shine sawa da lithium-i na so daga batteri?

Ba. Bayanin umummi na aiki —yin rarraba ionai a cikin biyu electrodes —shin sawa. Abubuwan da suke amfani da su suna farko. Sodium-ion cells suke amfani da cathodes na sodium, anodes na hard carbon, da electrolytes na sodium-salt, amma lithium-ion cells suke amfani da cathodes na lithium da anodes na graphite.

Shin sodium-ion batura kana son B MS?

Ee. Bateri na otu na sodium su bukata sistem na amfani da bateri (BMS) don gano tsawon cell, haɗa cell su daga cikin kari, kara da saukarwa, kuma kare bateri daga halin da ke zugu.

Za a iya saukarwa sodium-ion baturi ta hanyar normal tayi -acid charger?

Ba ta hanyar umummiya. Cell na sodium-ion suna da tsawo na voltaji da profile na saukarwa babu wadanda suka fuskanta bateri na lead-acid. Amfani da charger mai zuwa ba su yake da damar kare bateri. Ya sa a gano shirin saukarwa na mabateri kuma amfani da charger da aka raba ga bateri na sodium-ion.