Me ake nufin bateri na sodium-ion don otu na samun kuma cire?

Menene Sodium-Ion Automoti fara-Dakatar da Daga batteri?

Yawancin motocin fasinja na zamani da ake sayarwa a yau suna da wasu nau'i na tsarin farawa da tsayawa. Sa'ad da motar ta tsaya a hasken wuta, injin yana kashewa maimakon ya yi aiki a banza. Sa'ad da aka saki birki, sai injin ya sake farawa. Tanadin mai da rage hayaƙin da wannan ke kawowa kaɗan ne a kowane zagaye amma ƙara zuwa lambobi masu ma'ana a tsawon rayuwar mota.

Batirin da ke ƙarƙashin motar dole ne ya sa tsarin ya yi aiki. Dole ne ya kunna injin sau dubbai a tsawon rayuwarsa, ya karɓi wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi daga mai sauya wutar lantarki a duk lokacin da motar ke motsawa, kuma ya ci gaba da samar da wutar lantarki na gidan, fitilun gaba, bayanai, da kuma ECUs da yawa yayin da injin ya kashe.

Batteri na lead-acid mai kafa, wanda aka raba don yin amfani da shi a cikin kankara ta hanyar yin kankara daya per trip, zai iya yin gudun kari a lokacin amfani da start-stop. Wannan shine saboda suka ci gaba da amfani da EFB (enhanced flooded battery) da batteri na AGM (absorbent glass mat) a lokacin amfani da start-stop. A yanzu sodium-ion an tsohon yin amfani da shi don yin amfani a cikin wannan kankara. Wannan makala shi ne mabudin bayani: me ya zama sistem na start-stop, me ya zama aiki na batteri na start-stop, me ya zama abin da sodium-ion chemistry ta ba a cikin wannan kankara, yadda ta fito da lead-acid, EFB, da AGM, da me b2b buyers su tabbata musu kafin su sanya.

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Me Ya Zama Sistem na Start-Stop na Automotive?

Sistem na start-stop —wanda kadara aka kira stop-start, idle stop, ko micro-hybrid —ana kashe injin konewa na ciki ta atomatik lokacin da abin hawa ya tsaya kuma ya sake farawa lokacin da direba yake son sake motsawa. Ana amfani da tsarin a mafi yawan lokutan da ake tuki a birni: a hasken wuta, a cikin zirga-zirgar tsayawa da tafiya, a kan matakan hawa, a cikin layi a cikin mota.

Dalilin yana da sauƙi. Injin da ke aiki yana ƙone man fetur ba tare da samar da motsi mai amfani ba. Kashe wannan lokacin da ba a aiki ba yana rage yawan mai da kuma iskar gas. Ragewa ya dogara da abin hawa, sake zagayowar tuki, da kuma sau nawa tsarin ke aiki, amma yawancin ƙididdigar da aka buga suna sanya tanadin mai a cikin kewayon 510% don hawan birni na al'ada.

Akwai matakai da dama na farawa-dakatar da sophistication. Tsarin mafi mahimmanci yana kashe injin a lokacin da ya tsaya gaba daya kuma ya sake farawa lokacin da aka saki motar. Ƙarin tsarin ya kashe injin yayin da motar take tafiya zuwa tsayawa, ko kuma a ɗan lokaci yayin da take tafiya. Ƙarƙashin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙaran —indaa alternator ya ƙare kuma ya zama generator a lokacin da ma'azan yana gudan, wanda ke tashin shi da start-stop, kuma bateri zai bukata in sanya hakan da energy da aka gudan kowanni lokacin da ma'azan yana gudan. Duk wannan yana nuna amfanin bateri wanda ba suka hada a cikin duty cycle na bateri na cranking mai zuwa: current mai ƙarfi a kowane rufe, in sanya current mai ƙarfi a lokacin da ba suka dace ba, lokaci mai ƙarfi a tsakiyar bateri, kuma yana da tsakiya na yadda bateri na lead-acid ta suka hada.

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Wani bateri na start-stop zai yi wane aiki?

Bateri na start-stop yana da uku aikin da suka kawo a cikin kowane rufe.

Ya kamata in gudan engine. Cranking current ita ce kamar yadda bateri ta bayar a lokacin aiki —wani gudan da ya dauki karami na second na karami zuwa karami na karami, wanda ya ci gaba daya na hundred ampere daga bateri don gudan starter motor. Voltage ya kamata ya kashe kamar yadda starter motor ta bukata a kowane gudan.

Yana bukata kuma saoƙa sistem na elektriki lokacin da injin ya ƙare. Kamar yadda ake amfani da su, headlights, climate control fan, infotainment, instrument cluster, body control modules, da sarrafa maki na ECUs suka tsaya da kuma saoƙa current lokacin da injin ya ƙare. Wannan ana kira shi da “resting load” ko “accessory load”, kuma yana iya taka wani matsayi da yawa ga wasu ampere a cikin auto mai zamanin yanzu.

Yana bukata kuma saoƙa kuma kuma daga alternator (da kuma daga regenerative braking) lokacin da injin ya gudan. Auto na start-stop suka haɗa wani matsayi da yawa na saoƙa mara tsurta. Alternator ya saoƙa current akan battery kowace lokacin da injin ya fara gudan kuma kowace lokacin da brake ya fara ƙare, a matsayin da ba su daga saoƙa mai tsurta da kuma mai zama da yawa a cikin auto ba na start-stop.

Wadannan uku ayyuka sun haɗa da kuma yana nufin ƙarfi mai yawa don hanyar amfani wanda aka saita shi don bateri na mota mai zuwa. Bateri na mota mai zuwa ta daga cikin kuma ya ƙara mota kafin kuma ta gudanar da kuma ta zama ƙarfi mai zuwa kamar yadda aka saita shi don amfani. Bateri na start-stop ta daga cikin kuma ya ƙara mota kafin kuma ta gudanar da kuma ta zama ƙarfi mai zuwa kamar yadda aka saita shi don amfani. —yana buƙata ayyukan start-stop a ƙasa ga ƙarfi na bateri kuma ya ƙara bateri a rana na sallah —don kare bateri daga ayyukan ƙara mota idan ba ta iya gudanar da kuma ta zama ƙarfi mai zuwa kamar yadda aka saita shi don amfani.

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Me ake nufin bateri na sodium-ion don otu na samun kuma cire?

Batarin sodium-ion na kula da kula na mota shine, a cikin ƙarfin, batarin na kula da kula na mota na 12-volt (ko a cikin wani nau'in platform 24-volt) wanda cell su ke amfani da sodium-ion chemistry sai dai lead-acid, AGM, EFB, lithium-ion, ko wani chemistry na sauran.

Wanda ya canza shine sodium-ion chemistry na jihar. Cellun sodium-ion ke amfani da yin rarraba sodium-ion daga cathode zuwa anode ta hanyar electrolyte wanda ke taimaka sodium-ion, da aluminum current collectors a cikin biyu kari. A matsayin batarin na kula da kula na mota, wanda ke muna bukata shine abin da chemistry ya ba a wannan duty cycle: raw material na sodium wanda ke da damar, aluminum current collectors a cikin biyu kari (wanda ba a gane a cikin sauran commercial chemistries), da low-temperature discharge behavior wanda aka nuna. —dounne suna fitowa da kyau a cikin start-stop duty cycle.

Wani abu da ke ba sodium-ion chemistry a yanzu shine kuma yin energy density da kuma lithium-ion cells na high-energy. Energy density na sodium-ion cell akwai ƙaranci daga lithium-ion na mainstream, amma yana daidai don 12-volt battery na auxiliary wanda ba za a yi amfani da shi don gano traction-pack energy ba. Sodium-ion kuma yana a wani tushen da ke zafin lithium-ion don amfani na automotive, wanda yana da juyin sa na musamman don buyer diligence.

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Mene ne sodium-ion chemistry ta fito a cikin start-stop applications

Kadan abubuwan da suka yi amfani da sodium-ion chemistry a cikin start-stop evaluation programs.

•Kasuwanci na raw material. Sodium shine wani daga cikin abubuwan da suka fiye da yawa a kasar da a brines na industrial. Kasuwanci na raw material na sodium ba ta nuna yadda kasuwanci na lithium, cobalt, ko nickel suka nuna a tsaki mai zuwa.

• A yankin yara da kuma karkatarwa. Sodium-ion sunadarai sun nuna amfani da yanayin ƙarancin zafin jiki. Gudanar da injin a yanayin zafi a ƙarƙashin sifili shine ainihin inda juriya ta ciki ta baturi ta fi mahimmanci, kuma sinadarin da ke riƙe da ƙananan juriya na ciki a ƙananan yanayin zafi yana da ainihin gefen.

• Tsarin farashin kayan aiki. Ƙungiyoyin sodium-ion yi amfani da aluminum a bangarorin biyu kuma ka guji cobalt da nickel a yawancin iyalan cathode. Ko waɗannan zaɓuɓɓukan suna fassara zuwa ƙananan farashin tantanin halitta a aikace ya dogara da mai sana'anta, tsarin tantanin halitta, yawan samarwa, da kuma iyalin cathode amma yanayin tsarin tsarin ya fi dacewa fiye da sunadarai da aka gina a kusa da kayan da suka fi wuya da kuma masu saurin tashi.

• Rarraba sarkar samar da kayayyaki. Mutane da yawa OEMs da Tier-1 masu samarwa suna rage dogaro da sinadarai guda ɗaya. Sodium-ion yana ba da shirin farawa-dakatar da tarihi a cikin AGM ko EFB wani zaɓi na uku na sunadarai.

• Daidaitawa da maturity kudin yadda ake amfani da bateri. Kimiya na sodium-ion ta kashe kudin yadda ake amfani da bateri na gaba. Ba za a iya sanya shi da kudin yadda na bateri na kariya ba, amma yana da kyau don amfani da shi a bateri na 12 V ko 24 V na gaba.

Wadannan abubuwan su ba su nuna cewa sodium-ion shi ne wanda ke da mahimmanci don dukkanin alamarin shiga/shiga. Amma suka nuna cewa sodium-ion shi ne wanda ke da mahimmanci don hankali, kuma mahaullata na mota suna gano shi da kyau.

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Yadda bateri na sodium-ion na shiga/shiga ta fito da baterin lead-acid, AGM, da EFB

Baterin lead-acid, AGM, da EFB suna gudanar da kimiyoyin da suka gabata a cikin alamarin shiga/shiga na mota. Sodium-ion tana cikin kuma a matsayin farko na hudu, wanda yana da kudin yadda na farko da abubuwan da suka faru.

Baterin lead-acid da suka tsara su ne wanda aka gabata —babu kudin yawa, ya zama ƙarfi da kuma ya fahimtarwa sosai, amma yana ƙara gurba a cikin tsari na sautin da aka shiga da aka ci gaba a wani bangaren yadda bateri ta dace. Baterin EFB suna da jini mai ƙarfi da kuma ƙarfin (ta hanyar polyester scrim, abubuwan da suka faru don ƙarfi, da kuma yadda bateri ta dace don sautin da aka shiga da aka ci gaba) wanda suka buƙata don sautin da aka shiga da aka ci gaba na farko. Baterin AGM suna da kudin yawa: jini ya ƙare da glass mat separator, ƙarfin ƙasa ta ƙarfi, da kuma yadda bateri ta dace da sautin da aka shiga da aka ci gaba suna da kudin yawa —abubuwan da suka buƙata a cikin sautin da aka shiga da aka ci gaba na farko da kuma na farko da kudin yawa, amma suna da kudin yawa karin baterin da suka faru ko EFB.

Sodium-ion yana a tsaki na EFB da AGM a cikin ƙaramin bayanin da aka bayyana. Ya nuna kuma yadda ya yi amfani da sa a gari mai sanyi, kuma yana da kwararri mai ƙarfi a lokacin da aka shiga wani hanyar da ke cikin kwayoyin da suka dace a cikin wani nau'in kimya, kuma ba za a iya amfani da ruwa don taimaka ba. A cikin rarraba, sodium-ion shine teknoliji na otu mai ƙarfi a yanzu, wanda yana da karamin al'adu na al'ada na gida da karamin al'adu na gida da karamin al'adu na gida.

Wani abu da ke dace ne ya zama wani abu da ke dace ne, ba wani abu da ke dace ne a cikin wani nau'in teknoliji ba. Wani gida na gari mai sanyi wanda ya so yadda ya yi amfani da gida da karamin al'adu na gida da karamin al'adu na gida da karamin al'adu na gida, zai iya samun sodium-ion da ke dace ne kamar AGM. Wani gida wanda ya so yadda ya yi amfani da gida da karamin al'adu na gida da karamin al'adu na gida da karamin al'adu na gida, zai iya samun AGM da ke dace ne. Amfanin kimya ya zama wani abu da ke dace ne, ba wani abu da ke dace ne a cikin wani nau'in teknoliji ba.

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Inda Sodium-Ion Start-Stop Batteries Sun dace — da inda ba su dace ba

Sodium-ion yana dacewa da wasu lokuta na amfani da mota kuma bai dace da wasu ba.

• Yanayin sanyi sashin motocin fasinja tare da farawa-dakatar. Halin rashin zafin jiki na sinadarin sodium-ion shine tsarin tsari don kasuwanni inda hunturu ya zama rauni na tsarin sinadarai na yanzu.

• 12V da 24V na taimako sabis na baturi. Bukatar ajiyar makamashi ba ta da yawa, buƙatar halin yanzu yana cikin ƙarfin sodium-ion, kuma fa'idar fitarwa ta yanayin sanyi yana da amfani a kasuwanni da yawa.

•Dabaru na samar da kayayyaki da ke darajar bambancin sinadarai. Jiragen ruwa da shirye-shiryen OEM waɗanda ke son rage dogaro da sinadarai guda ɗaya daga sarƙoƙin samar da cobalt, nickel, da lithium mai ƙarfi na iya amfani da sodium-ion a matsayin zaɓi na uku mai amintacce tare da AGM da EFB.

• Shirye-shiryen da zai iye tabbatawa kudin yadda ake so a cikin shekara manya. Kimiya na farko suna zama ƙarfi sosai idan abokan amfani suka tabbatawa kudin yadda ake so a cikin shekara manya. Sodium-ion ta fito ga alamar da suka dace da kafa shugaban gida, ba suka dace da alamar da suka nemo karamin bayani na yadda ake so a cikin wani lokaci.

Tana da karamin dacewa ga alamar da suka buƙatar karamin tattalin arzi ki yanzu, inda infrastrukturin lead-acid da AGM suna da kyau, kuma ga alamar da suka buƙatar karamin tattalin arzi na shekara manya a cikin karamin kishin karkara da suka dace da su. Alamar sodium-ion na otu suna da amfani, amma tattalin arzin suna ba da kyau kamar tattalin arzin na AGM. Wadannan hudu ba su nema sodium-ion daga amfani a cikin shirin start-stop. Suna nuna inda kimiya ta dace sosai a cikin amfani a yanzu.

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Abin da Abokan Amfani Ya Kamata Su Duba Kafin Amfani

Ga karamin B2B da ke duba sodium-ion na otu na shirin start-stop, wasu dubawa suna da aikin duba a cikin shirin tabbatarwa na abokin amfani.

• Tabbata kimya da kwayoyin seli. Familiyoyin seli na sodium-ion daban-daban, matala na anode daban-daban, tsarin seli daban-daban, da tsarin pack daban-daban su zai haifar da ala'adu daban-daban. Mutum mai sauya yana bukatar san familiya na cathode wanda ake ba shi, tsarin seli wanda ake amfani da ita, da mai tsara seli. Lambar sodium-ion ta haka zai iya rage abubuwa daban-daban da ke cikin shi.

•Tabbata ala'adun krankin a yadda yake a lokacin da aka sanya shi. Krankin amps (CA), cold krankin amps (CCA), da tsarin voltage a lokacin krankin yana bukatar tabbatarwa a yadda yake a lokacin da kayayyaki zasu yi a ala'adu. Lambar masu ala'adu daga ƙwankwasi na 25 °C ba su canji don tabbatarwa a lokacin yara.

• Tabbata ala'adun karkara a cikin ala'adun asali. Lambarin kamar yadda cellu ya daina a cikin bateri (cycle life) daga mai sanya ba za a iya amfani da su wajibi don sanin yadda cellu ya daina (depth of discharge), yadda yawa tushen (temperature), yadda cellu ya daina (charge rate), da kuma yadda cellu ya daina a karni na farko (end-of-life criterion). Wata kimya (chemistry) ta hanyar biyu na mai sanya zai iya nuna natijen baya a cikin wasu test na gida, kuma wata mai sanya zai iya nuna lambarin baya a cikin marketing ko a cikin test na kuma mutum na gaba'aya.

•Tabbata shawara na otomitik. ECE R100 ko kuma shawara na yankin da ke ciki kamar su, UN 38.3 test na kula da kuma rarraba (transport testing), IATF 16949 shawara na kula da kuma rarraba (quality management) ga cellu da pack supplier, da kuma shawarar da ke ciki kamar su na abokan so (customer-specific validation programs) suna da muhimmi. Kimya na sodium-ion ta kashe karamin shawara na kula da kuma rarraba (certification coverage) kamar lithium-ion; mutum na sake so (buyer) ya kamata ya tabbata wadannan shawarar da ke ciki kamar su (certifications) wanda cellu ta hanyar mai sanya ta hana, da kuma wadannan shawarar da ke ciki kamar su (certifications) wanda mai sanya ta hana, kafin ya sauki.

•Tabbata karamin kula da kuma rarraba (commercial stability) da kuma tsarin kula da kuma rarraba (support infrastructure). Kimiyya na farko suka buƙata ƙarin tsarin masu amfani na gaba daya da kimiyya na farko. Kullum yadda ake taka kadan, shirin koyaya na shekara biyu, shirin kafin kuma kafin koyaya, koyayen teknikal, da kuma koyayen bayanai suna buƙata a cikin tsarin amfani.

• Yi amfani da shirin masu amfani na biyu. Tsarin kimiyya na sodium-ion yana kashe kamar yadda ake kashe, don haka yadda ake saita masu amfani na kimiyya ta hanyar kimiyya na farko yana zama mafi kyawun kariya ga kimiyya na farko. Masu amfani suna buƙata fahimci koyayen kariya, wadanda koyayen kariya suka dace, da kuma yadda ake sanya kariya na koyaya.

Masu amfani da suka fito a cikin kimiyya na sodium-ion da suka fahimci wannan koyaya — da suka haɗa koyayen masu amfani da suka yi amfani da su —yana a tsari mai ƙarfi kafin mutum na yanki da ke so sodium-ion zai yi kamar AGM na gaba daya. A matsayin abin da ke ba da batiri da kuma kudin sauyi na batiri ga masu yanka batiri na otutu, masu foforci, masu rarraba, masu bayani, da masu amfani da batiri na otutu (OEM) da masu taimaka da batiri (ODM), PITTAR yana aiki da karama na batiri na sodium-ion wanda suka dace da amfanin da ke cikin rarraba da kuma amfanin da ke cikin kudin sauyi. Inda karama ta dace da karamar yanki na amfani —kamalirin gida, rarrabin karamar kudin sauyi, kuma karamar yanki na amfani a cikin shekaru manya —ya za a iya talki da shi. Inda karama ba ta dace ba, alama na kyau shine ku ci gaba da alama na farko har zuwa lokacin da karama ta dace.

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Masu Sabon Gaskiya

She shin ke farko batiri na otutu da a baya-karanta daga batteri?

Batteri na makinan kasa ta yawa ya dace ga tsarin amfani mai ƙarfi: shiga makinan, samun kariya mai ƙarfi don fuskanci, da ba da kariya ga abubuwan da suka fiye ne a lokacin da makinan bai shiga ba. Batteri na start-stop ta dace ga tsarin amfani mai ƙarfi sosai: shigarwa na sausukun, lokaci mai ƙarfi a wani hanyar da ke cikin tsarin kariya, kariya mai ƙarfi a wani lokaci mai ƙarfi, da kariya ga abubuwan da suka fiye ne a lokacin da makinan bai shiga ba. Batteri na start-stop su amfani da kimiyar da aka gudan —EFB, AGM, ko sodium-ion —don gudan wadannan bukata.

Shin wani kariya na makin mai yawa be da fatan i a makinan da suka shiga da suka ci gaba?

Zai iya amfani da ita a wani lokaci a tsarin start-stop na farko amma zai ƙara yawa a lokacin da ke cikin tsarin amfani. Kullum mutane na makinan sun nuna EFB, AGM, ko (a wani tsarin ta yanzu) sodium-ion, saboda batteri na kasa ta yawa ba su dace ba ga tsarin amfani mai ƙarfi.